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The World Health Report 2007 - A safer future: global public health security in the 21st century

 

 

The World Health Report 2007 - A safer future: global public health security in the 21st century

marks a turning point in the history of public health, and signals what could be one of the biggest advances in health security in half a century. It shows how the world is at increasing risk of disease outbreaks, epidemics, industrial accidents, natural disasters and other health emergencies which can rapidly become threats to global public health security. The report explains how the revised International Health Regulations (2005), which came into force this year, helps countries to work together to identify risks and act to contain and control them. The regulations are needed because no single country, regardless of capability or wealth, can protect itself from outbreaks and other hazards without the cooperation of others. The report says the prospect of a safer future is within reach - and that this is both a collective aspiration and a mutual responsibility.

 

 

 

Overview viii
Global public health threats in the 21st century............. x
Epidemic-prone diseases............. x
Foodborne diseases............. xi
Accidental and deliberate outbreaks .............xi
Toxic chemical accidents............. xi
Radionuclear accidents............. xi
Environmental disasters............. xii
Global collaboration to meet threats to public health security............. xii
Chapter summaries............. xiv

Chapter 1. Evolution of public health security............. 1
Building on historical landmarks............. 2
Plague and quarantine............. 2
Cholera and sanitation............. 4
Smallpox and immunization............. 5
Fostering international cooperation............. 6
A new code for international health security............. 8
International preparedness for chemical emergencies............. 10
New health regulations in a vastly altered world............. 11

Chapter 2. Threats to public health security............. 17
Human causes of public health insecurity............. 17
Inadequate investment .............18
Unexpected policy changes............. 20
Public health consequences of conflict .............21
Microbial evolution and antibiotic resistance............. 22
Animal husbandry and food processing............. 24
Human bovine spongiform encephalopathy............. 24
Nipah virus .............24
Weather-related events and infectious diseases............. 25
Other public health emergencies............. 26
Sudden chemical and radioactive events............. 27
Industrial accidents .............29
Natural phenomena............. 31

Chapter 3. New health threats in the 21st century............. 35
The anthrax letters............. 35
SARS: vulnerability revealed............. 37
Dumping of toxic chemicals............. 40

Chapter 4. Learning lessons, thinking ahead............. 45
Pandemic influenza: the most feared security threat............. 45
WHO’s strategic action plan for pandemic influenza............. 52
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis............. 52
Managing the risks and consequences of the international spread of polio............. 54

Chapter 5. Towards a safer future............. 57
Helping countries helps the world............. 58
Global partnerships............. 58
Strengthening national capacity .............61
Preventing and responding to international public health emergencies .............63
Legal issues and monitoring .............64

Conclusions and recommendations............. 66

Index .............69