바이오인

 

 

INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 5
  1.  Main forms of internationalisation of R&D ................................ 7
    1.1  Aspects relating to R&D performance .................................... 7
    1.2  Aspects relating to R&D financing .......................................... 9
    1.3  Data availability .................................................................... 9
2.  Dynamics of the internationalisation of R&D ..................................... 11
    2.1  Extent and trends of foreign affiliates R&D in the host countries .......................... 12
    2.2  Growth of R&D expenditure by foreign-controlled and domestically-controlled firms.14 

    2.3  Aspects relating to the financing of R&D from abroad .............................. 19
    2.4  The sectoral dimension ................................................................ 20
    2.5  Linkages between the R&D activity, production and technology transfers of
multinational firms ......................................................... 40
    2.6  R&D strategies of groups of multinational firms .............................. 43
3.  Aspects related to the location of R&D investment ........................................... 53
    3.1.  General trends in the location of R&D expenditure in the main OECD areas:
United States, European Union and Japan .................................................... 54
    3.2.  The geographic origin of R&D investment in host countries (inward investment) .................. 60
    3.3  Location of certain OECD countries R&D investment abroad (outward investment) ............ 62
4.  Factors that determine the location of R&D Investment ...................................... 66
    4.1  The survey by EIRMA and the French Government Central Planning Agency ....................... 66
    4.2.  The American survey by the Kauffman Foundation .................................... 67

CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................... 71