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The OECD Science, Technology, and Industry Outlook 2008 is the seventh in a biennial series designed to examine trends, prospects and policy directions in science, technology and industry across the OECD area and major non-member economies. In addition to syntheising the latest available information on major policy developments, the report provides detailed analyses of key themes in science, technology and industry, with a particular emphasis on innovation. Special chapters examine practices to assess the socio-economic impacts of public research and trsults from the first large-scale harmonised attempt to analyse micro-data from innovation surveys.  The report also provides an individual profile of the science and innovation performance of countries in relation to their national context and current policy challenges.