바이오인

MAPPING THE MAZE : GETTING MORE WOMEN TO THE

TOP IN RESEARCH

 

 

 

Foreword ................................................................. 1
WIRDEM working group ........................... 2
Executive Summary ........................................ 3
Introduction .......................................................... 5
Chapter 1. Research Decision-Making: a different perspective ....................... 8
1. 1. Who decides the research funding? ... 9
1. 2. Are there equality regulations governing the research system? ............. 10
1. 3. How fair are the nomination or appointment procedures? ..................... 10
1. 4. Are both research and power male? The image of science,
scientists and decision-making ............... 12
1. 5. Does language restrict research to males? ............................................... 15
Chapter 2. Facts and Figures: a gendered world and why it needs to change .... 16
2. 1. The situation today ............................................ 16
Problem 1: women are less likely to be promoted to top positions .............. 18
Problem 2: low proportion of women on research decision-making  boards ............ 20
Problem 3: women researchers paid less than men on the same level (gender pay-gap) .......... 21
Problem 4: the more money spent on R&D the fewer women? ........... 22
Problem 5: “There is no problem”-a lack of awareness and commitment ................... 22
2. 2. Arguments for change ..................................... 23
Human rights arguments ................................. 23
Utilitarian arguments concerning quality ..................................... 24
Utilitarian arguments concerning effi ciency ............................... 24
Common good argument ............................... 25

Chapter 3. Potential for Change: good practice and measures ........................ 27
3. 1. Follow the money: Measures to promote gender equality in decision-making for funding
research ..................................................... 27
Gender balance on decision-making bodies ................................ 27
Special programmes for women in funding ..................................... 28
3. 2. Getting women to the top: Measures to promote gender equality in decision-making
for appointments .......................................... 29
Transparent procedures ................................... 29
Targets and quotas ............................................... 30
Hiring incentives .................................................... 31
Mentoring and empowerment ................... 31
Work-life balance ................................................... 32
3. 3. Good research practices to benefit women – and men: Measures to promote gender equality as part of quality management .................................. 33
3. 4. Changing policy: Measures to promote gender equality in setting policy ............. 34
Chapter 4. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................ 38
End Notes................................................................ 41
ANNEX ......................................................................................... 42
Belgium .......................................................................... 42
Estonia ............................................................................. 44
Finland ............................................................................ 46
France .............................................................................. 47
Germany ........................................................................ 49
Greece ............................................................................. 52
Norway ........................................................................... 54
Portugal .......................................................................... 56
Romania ......................................................................... 58
Slovakia .......................................................................... 59
Slovenia .......................................................................... 61
Spain ................................................................................. 63
Sweden ........................................................................... 65
Switzerland .................................................................. 67
United Kingdom ..................................................... 69