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Executive Summary…………………………………………………… v

I. Introduction…………………………………………………………… 1
1. Background………………………………………………………………1
2. Climate change and sustainable development……………………………3
3. Technology development and technology transfer………………………4
4. International issues in technology development and technology transfer…………… 6

II. Technologies, technology transfer and barriers………………………………11
1. Environmentally sound technologies: mitigation and adaptation …… 11
2. Technology transfer…………………………………………………………18
3. Barriers……………………………………………………………………… 24
4. Case studies ………………………………………………………………… 28

III. Mechanisms for enhancing technology development and transfer..... 38
1. Mechanisms under the UNFCCC…………………………………………38
2. Other mechanisms being implemented by international organisations and partnerships…41
3. Effectiveness of traditional commercial mechanisms for technology transfer to developing countries…………… 46
4. Innovative proposals for the development and transfer of technologies…………47
5. Intellectual property rights (IPRs)……………………………55
IV. Public-private roles and partnerships for innovation and technology transfer…………67
1. Public and private roles and public-private partnerships………………. 67
2. Moving from R&D to market/large-scale deployment…………………75
3. Energy and climate technology innovation centres…………………………80