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This overview of vocational education and training in Germany has been produced to mark
Germany’s Presidency of the Council of the EU. It forms part of the series of short
descriptions regularly published by Cedefop on national VET systems.

Information on vocational education and training will also be found in Cedefop’s databases.
They contain country-specific data that are regularly updated by ReferNet (1). Descriptions of
national VET systems can also be found on the Cedefop website (see European Training
Village) (2).

The present publication was drawn up by Ute Hippach-Schneider, Martina Krause and
Christian Woll of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in close
cooperation with Sylvie Bousquet of Cedefop. We should also like to thank all our colleagues
who have helped in the production of this short description, particularly the German
representatives on Cedefop’s Governing Board ? Barbara Dorn, Hans-Detlev Kuller and Peter
Thiele.

Germany is one of the European countries in which learning on the job is a traditional
component of the education system. All vocational training is aimed at imparting comprehensive professional competence in the occupation. Vocational training in Germany is guided not only by the requirements of the labour market, but also by the need for individuals to acquire skills, knowledge and competences that enable them successfully to prove themselves on the labour market. Training programmes are designed on the principle that they should be as broad as possible and as specific as necessary.

The main challenges facing VET systems today are globalisation, increased personal mobility, structural change in industrial life, technological advances and demographic change.

Some improvements have already been made.

 

The permeability of the education system is steadily being improved. Existing barriers
between individual areas of education are being dismantled, so that qualifications in one area
can constitute entry to another, and learning content already acquired does not have to be
lived and learned all over again. We are currently making rapid progress with the
development of an interdisciplinary National Qualifications Framework (NQF), to make it
easier for qualifications and learning outcomes to be recognised across all areas of education.

For Germany, an export-oriented country at the heart of Europe, the promotion of mobility is
of particular importance. There is a marked focus on imparting international skills in

 

education and training, such as a knowledge of foreign languages or an understanding of
foreign markets and corporate cultures.

At European level, Germany is concerned to ensure that VET provision can be linked
internationally. It should be possible for qualifications and competences acquired in the
German VET system to be put to use in the labour markets and education systems of other
countries without obstacles, particularly within Europe ? and vice versa. The creation of
European instruments such as the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the
European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) will make a
substantial contribution to realising this.

With its description of the most important aspects of the German system, this publication
provides an overview of vocational education and training in Germany. Further information
can be found on the Cedefop and Eurydice (3) websites.