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Nanotechnology development in India: the need for building capability and governing the technology
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2010-01-11
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The Energy and Resources Institute
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원문링크
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키워드
#India
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Nanotechnology_development_in_India.pdf
Nanotechnology development in India :
the need for building capability and governing the technology
Key Points
■ Nanotechnology today is regarded as a revolutionary technology that can help address key needs relating to energy, environment, health and agriculture in developing countries.
■ Nanotechnology development in the forerunner countries is characterized by, inter alia,
increased investment in research and development (R&D), development of competitive R&D
infrastructure, interdisciplinary education and training system together with development of
entrepreneurship, technology transfer and innovation and, contribution to economic growth.
■ Reconfiguration of existing institutional structures and evolution of new forms of collaborative arrangements between various actors and policies has emerged as an important factor enabling these countries to remain forerunner in nanotechnology.
■ The R&D focus in nanotechnology globally is diverse with countries developing technologies in areas corresponding to their own expertise and needs. There is a need for development of clear national strategies to utilize nanotechnology to meet social priorities.
■ A deliberate innovation policy in nanotechnology with the government acting as a guide in
areas where market signals are weak and are not sufficient on their own is important for
alignment of nanotechnology with overall societal goals.
■ To engage with nanotechnology successfully, developing countries would need to address a range of issues pertaining to research, technology development, skills requirement, institutions involved, risks issues, regulatory and governance structure and stakeholder engagement.
■ Nanotechnology development in India is at a nascent stage with policy initiatives directed
towards promoting research and development. It is largely a government led initiative and
industry participation is still emerging. A more inclusive science and technology (S and T)
policymaking process and integrated framework is needed to ensure that this technology is
diffused and used for socially valued goods.
■ The likelihood of adverse impacts to environment and human health as well as consumer
and worker safety exists along the life cycle of nanoapplications. Given the variety of
nanomaterials and their broad spectrum applications, the nature of hazards from these
substances might be varied and even unforeseen. However risks from nanotechnology based materials and products would depend on the nature of impacts and the degree, stage and duration of exposures.
■ An inclusive and responsive risk governance structure to address multi-dimensional risks
from nanotechnology is imperative. There is a need to put in place adequate structures to
carry out risk assessment procedures and ensure laws and policies that would address the
liability and redress issues inherent in the application of nanotechnology having unknown
environmental and health impacts.
■ Regulatory oversight for nanotechnology is necessary to channelise research efforts in a
responsible direction. The regulatory regime for nanotechnology needs to be dynamic and
should be reviewed from time to time. Transparency and public involvement in the design
and implementation of regulatory structure in nanotechnology should be ensured.
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