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The President’s 2011 Budget proposes to invest $4.6 billion in research infrastructure, defined as support for R&D facilities construction, maintenance and the purchase of major capital equipment for R&D. The current state of Federal support for research infrastructure, however, requires consideration of the Recovery Act, which provides unprecedented, substantial investments in research facilities construction and renovation and major research instrumentation for intramural and extramural laboratory facilities. Most of these funds have yet to be awarded, although they will be awarded by the close of fiscal year (FY) 2010. These investments, when fully obligated, are likely to change dramatically the state of research infrastructure in the Nation’s Federal laboratories, national user facilities, and academic institutions. Therefore, at this time it is our assessment that it is premature to identify deficiencies in research infrastructure or prioritize future needs for Federal investments in research infrastructure. As Recovery Act and follow-on FY 2010 and FY 2011 funds are awarded, the Committee on Science of the National Science and Technology Council will be actively monitoring the progress of research facilities construction and maintenance as well as procurement of major instrumentation. The Committee’s work will be informed by the results of the National Science Foundation’s survey of science and engineering facilities at academic institutions, last conducted in FY 2005 but scheduled to be refreshed later in 2010, which will provide a comprehensive national assessment of academic research infrastructure. The Committee’s work will also be informed by ongoing dialogue between Federal agencies on the state of research infrastructure in Federal intramural and contractor-operated facilities.