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중국의 해외직접투자(fdi)
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2011-03-29
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U.S.-China Economic & Security Review Commission
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RnD 중국의 해외직접투자(fdi).pdf
중국의 해외직접투자(fdi)
Going Out: An Overview of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment
Disclaimer:
This report is the product of professional research performed by staff of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, and was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission, any individual Commissioner, or the Commission’s other professional staff, of the views or conclusions expressed in this staff research report.
GOING OUT: AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA’S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
March 2011
China’s investments abroad are growing despite an overall decline globally in foreign direct investment (FDI) following the 2008 financial crisis. That trend in Chinese investments abroad is likely to continue, since China’s huge foreign exchange reserves are an increasing source of mobile capital and is a key part of China’s official government policy. The receipts from China’s existing global investments, combined with mounting trade surpluses, have made China the world’s largest capital-surplus economy.1
Although China’s outward direct investment (ODI) is still small relative to its massive inward FDI, China’s overseas companies have been gaining momentum in moving international capital, investing across a broad spectrum of sectors ranging from natural resources to manufacturing to telecommunications and many others. As China’s economy continues to grow, China faces shortages in almost all raw materials, particularly in oil, iron ore, aluminum, and uranium, and it must therefore build trade linkages with Australia, Russia, Brazil, and other resource-rich countries to secure supplies.2
A significant jump in outflows happened when China’s ODI went from $26.51 billion in 2007 to $55.91 billion in 2008, an increase of over 110 percent.3 By the end of 2009, China’s cumulative FDI abroad (stock)4 reached $245.75 billion.5 Growth in China’s ODI flows has become very significant in recent years, going from less than $100 million in flows in the 1980s to $56.53 billion in 2009 (the latest comprehensive figures available), making China the fifth largest originator of ODI, by volume, from the 12th position.6 Despite the impressive growth trends, however, Chinese ODI remains relatively small: China, including Hong Kong and Macau, accounts for just 6 percent of global ODI stock today.7
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