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NSABB charge and key considerations. In response to heightened security concerns surrounding the potential misuse of dangerous pathogens within research settings, the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) has been charged with recommending to the United States Government (USG) strategies for enhancing personnel reliability among individuals with access to select agents and toxins.1, 2 The challenge inherent in addressing the risk of the “insider threat” to high-containment biological facilities is to effectively address biosecurity concerns without unduly hindering the pace of life sciences research. Indeed, security measures that are overly burdensome could serve as a powerful disincentive to those who wish to and will responsibly conduct research on select agents, while measures that are too weak could leave the U.S. vulnerable to those who wish to misuse select agents toward malevolent ends.

Select agent research is critical to public health and national security. Scientific research on highly pathogenic microorganisms and toxins underpins our ability to successfully combat infectious diseases affecting humans, animals and plants, and enables the development of effective countermeasures against bioterrorism threats. An in-depth understanding of biological select agents has been essential to the development of new and improved detection and diagnostic capabilities, antimicrobial and antitoxin treatments, and preventative measures. Such research has been responsible for the development of countless vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, antimicrobial treatments, and strategies aimed at augmenting the human immune response to more effectively target pathogens. Historically, research on select agents, such as the variola virus, has resulted in vaccines and/or therapies that have greatly reduced the rates of human morbidity and mortality across the globe, and, in turn, significantly lengthened the human lifespan. Such research conducted on plant and animal pathogens has greatly contributed to the development of a safe and nutritious food supply that is readily available at a fairly low cost. In addition, select agent research is critical to developing rapid detection and diagnostic technologies that will greatly enhance our capabilities to respond to disease outbreaks and acts of bioterrorism....계속