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UK One Health Report

Joint report on human and animal antibiotic use, sales and resistance, 2013

Executive summary

Background

Antibiotics are critical for treating infections in human and veterinary medicine and increasing resistance in bacteria is considered a major threat in both fields. Minimising the unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibiotics reduces the ive pressure that favours the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria and is an essential component of strategies to safeguard antibiotics critical for treatment of serious human infections. Resistant bacteria from animals and humans can transmit in both directions, through human contact with farm, wildlife or companion animals or their environments, through ingestion of contaminated food (both imported and local produced animal and vegetable or fruit items) and through contact with effluent waste from humans, animals and industry (Figure 1). Thus an integrated ? One Health - approach to surveillance and action is needed.

This report brings together the most recently available UK data on antibiotic resistance in key bacteria that are common to animals and humans and details the amount of antibiotics sold for animal health and welfare and antibiotics prescribed to humans, with the following aims:

? to encourage further joint working between the human and animal sectors

• to identify the emerging and current antibiotic resistance threats in three key bacteria in humans and animals
• to identify differences in surveillance methodology and data gaps that limit our ability to compare trends between the two fields, both within the UK and across Europe
• to evaluate available data from humans and animals side by side and begin to assess the relationship between antibiotic sales, use and resistance across the two sectors
• to develop recommendations to improve the surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance in humans and animals

There are many caveats surrounding interpretation of the data presented in this report and in some cases the methods of data collection vary to such an extent that they cannot be meaningfully compared. This highlights the joint responsibility of the human and animal sectors in tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the importance of strengthened collaboration between them. The bacteria ed for this report are based on the following: bacteria that are transmitted through the food-borne route (Salmonella and Campylobacter) and Escherichia coli, an important organism that lives in the gut of both humans and animals and can cause opportunistic and invasive disease in all species.

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