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Workshop and Report on Implications of Bio-refineries for Energy and Trade in the APEC Region

Executive Summary

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This report introduces the emerging “second generation” biofuel technologies such as biorefinery technologies with feedstocks from non-food biomass. It also includes the technical and commercial applications of the “first generation” biofuel technologies with most of the feedstocks from food crops, such as corn ethanol in the United States, sugarcane ethanol in Brazil, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel. A Workshop on Implications of Energy and Trade in the APEC Region was held on 7-9 October, 2009 in Chinese Taipei bringing together experts and engineers involved in the development of bio-refinery technologies to discuss the bio-refinery technologies for making hydrocarbon biofuels a practical reality in the future. Presentations and discussions of the workshop are to articulate the suggested biofuels trade and the critical role that chemistry, chemical catalysts, thermal processing, and engineering play in the conversion of lingo-cellulosic biomass into biofuels.
The notion of a bio-refinery is comparable to current petroleum refineries where various fuels
and products are created from petroleum. The petroleum refinery takes crude oil and fractionates all of the prospective molecular feedstocks for additional processing and blending to generate many different fossil fuel based products. Figure 1.1 shows a generalized process flow diagram of this bio-refining concept. The bio-refinery facility incorporates biomass conversion equipment and processes to generate fuels, power, and chemicals from a biomass feedstock. The facility is able to utilize and maximize the value of the different components in the biomass feedstocks and intermediates. The figure demonstrates how biomass conversion technologies can be integrated into traditional petroleum based refineries and thus creating a bio-refinery.

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