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Index of Tables ...................................................................................................................6
Index of Figures..................................................................................................................7
Abbreviations and acronyms ..............................................................................................7
Executive Summary............................................................................................................8

Preface
1. Presentation of UKTI ......................................................................................................9
2. Scope of the project........................................................................................................9

1. Country statistics .....................................................................................................11
2. General characteristics of academic research and technology transfer ............15
3. The biotechnology sector........................................................................................16
  3.1 The main Brazilian biotechnology clusters........................................................18
  3.1.1 The Minais Gerais Cluster ............................................................................20
  3.1.2 The Rio de Janeiro cluster – Bio-Rio ............................................................21
  3.1.3 The São Paolo Cluster..................................................................................22
4. The pharmaceutical sector ......................................................................................23
  4.1. Characteristics ..................................................................................................23
  4.2 Major players ....................................................................................................26
5. The generics segment..............................................................................................28
  5.1. Characteristics ..................................................................................................28
  5.2 Major players ....................................................................................................29
6. The vaccines segment .............................................................................................33
  6.1. Characteristics ..................................................................................................33
  6.2. Major players ....................................................................................................34

1. The Patent law and the TRIPS agreement..............................................................36
2. The Generics law......................................................................................................39
3. Registration of pharmaceutical products in Brazil: ANVISA................................40
4. The Innovation law ...................................................................................................41
5. The Tax law ...............................................................................................................41
6. Is the regulatory framework competitive? .............................................................42

1. Opportunities in generic pharmaceuticals.............................................................44
  1.1 How realistic is the need?.................................................................................44
  1.2 Scenario for collaboration .................................................................................46
2. Opportunities in vaccines........................................................................................48
  2.1 How realistic is the need?.................................................................................49
  2.2 Scenario for collaboration .................................................................................51
3. Related scenarios of interest for generics and vaccines .....................................53
  3.1 Biodiversity-based drug discovery ....................................................................53
  3.2 Collaboration for clinical trials ...........................................................................55
  3.2 R&D collaboration for new medicines...............................................................57
Conclusion..................................................................................................................59
4. Barriers to partnerships...........................................................................................60
  4.1 Bias and perception ..........................................................................................60
  4.2 Regulatory issues and government intervention...............................................60
  4.3 Market characteristics .......................................................................................61
  4.3.1 Lack of private investment ............................................................................62
  4.3.2 Other factors .................................................................................................62

1. Key methods of doing business .............................................................................63
2. Way forward to forge partnerships .........................................................................64
2.1 What can Brazil do?..........................................................................................64
2.2 What can UKTI do?...........................................................................................64

References........................................................................................66

Appendices.......................................................................................69

Appendix 1: Relationship between UKTI, DTI and Foreign Office....................................69
Appendix 2: Scores on proposed scenarios .....................................................................73
Appendix 3: Some Brazilian biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies ...................76
Appendix 4: Generic pharmaceuticals..............................................................................82
Appendix 5: Vaccines .......................................................................................................83