바이오인

HIGHLIGHTS ................................................................................ 6
METHODOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................ 8
Patents as indicators of science and technology activities ................ 8
Counting patents ......................................................................... 8
Timeliness .................................................................................. 9
1. TRIADIC PATENT FAMILIES ....................................................... 10

2. PATENTING AT NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL......... 14
2.1. Major regions ............................................................. 14
2.2. Patents filed under the Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT) ..................... 16
2.3. Trends in patents taken at selected national patent offices ................... 17
3. PATENTING IN SELECTED TECHNOLOGY AREAS ................................. 18
3.1. ICT-related patents ............................................................ 18
3.2. Patents in nanotechnology .................................................. 20
3.3. Biotechnology patents ........................................................ 22
3.4. Patents related to nuclear energy......................................... 23
3.5. Patents related to wind energy technology ........................... 24
3.6. Patents related to fuel cells technology .............................. 25
3.7. Patents in environment-related technologies ...................... 26
3.8. Patents related to space ................................................. 28
4. PATENTS BY INSTITUTIONAL SECTORS ............................. 30
5. PATENTS BY REGIONS .................................................... 32
6. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN INVENTIVE ACTIVITIES .... 34
6.1. Cross-border ownership .............................................. 34
6.2. Co-inventions ............................................................ 37
6.3. Internationalisation of ICT-related inventions .............................. 38
6.4. Internationalisation of biotechnology-related inventions ............... 39
6.5. Internationalisation of nanotechnology-related inventions ............ 40
7. SCIENCE LINKAGES IN TECHNOLOGY......................................... 41
ANNEX A. PATENT DATABASES ? OECD AND EPO .......................... 43
REFERENCES ............................................................................. 45