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미국과학재단(NSF) 평가백서 (Merit Review Process 2009)

국가과학위원회(NSB)에 제출하는 동 보고서는 2009년 NSF의 탁월성 평가(Merit Review)와 관련한 정보를 제공하고 있다. NSF는 2009년에 65억 달러의 예산을 받았고, 또한 미국 경기부양법(ARRA)을 통해 30억 달러를 추가로 지원 받았다. 동 보고서는 상기 두 가지 예산을 통한 활동과 영향에 관한 정보를 포함하고 있다.

2009년 NSF는 총 45,181건의 과제신청서를 접수하였다. 이는 2008년 신청건수에 비해 약 2% 증가한 수준이며, 2007년 신청건수보다 40% 이상 초과한 수준이다.

NSF는 2009년 예산을 통해 9,975건을 선정하였고, 경기부양법(ARRA) 지원금을 통해 4,620건을 선정하여 총 14,595건을 선정하였다. 이러한 결과로 2009년 선정율은 32%를 차지하며, 작년 선정율 25%를 상당히 초과하였다. 그러나, 부록 1에서 보는 바와 같이, 평균 선정율은 NSF 각 분과별로 격차가 있고, 특히 동 보고서에 서 언급하지는 않았지만

프로그램별 선정율간에는 더욱 큰 격차를 보였다.

소수그룹의 선정율과 신규 연구책임자의 선정율은 2008년에 비해 상당히 높다. 특히, 여성 연구책임자의 2009년 선정율은 34%, 소수민족/인종 집단의 연구책임자는 30%, 장애인은 32%, 그리고 신규 연구책임자는 25% 이다(4-가).

또한, 경기부양법(ARRA) 지원금 덕분에 2009년에는 평균 연구비 규모도 크게 증가하였다.(4-마)

과제 신청서는 다음 3가지 방법 - 즉, 패널 단독, 우편과 패널, 그리고 우편 단 독 - 을 거쳐 외부에서 평가하였다. 2009년에는, 57% 과제가 패널 단독에 의해 평가되었고, 32%는 우편과 패널, 그리고 7%는 우편 단독에 의해 평가 되었다. 이러한 형태는 지난 몇 해 동안 비슷한 경향을 보이고 있다. 있다. 또한, 약 4%의 신청서는 외부평가가 실시되지 않았다. 이러한 사례로는 여행신청서, 토론회, 탐색적 연구를 위한 초기지원사업(EAGERs), 그리고 신속대처연구비(RAPIDs)가 있다.(5-다)

지면 제약으로 인해 동 보고서는 지난 8년간의 자료만을 포함하고 있다. 이전의 추가적인 자료는 NSB 홈페이지에서 확인 할 수 있다. (http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/)

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1. 요약 ··········································································································· 1
2. 서론 ··········································································································· 2
3. 경기부양법(ARRA) ········································································ 4
4. 신청 및 접수 ························································································ 6
 가. 과제신청, 선정 및 선정율 ····································································· 6
 나. 지원형태별 실적 ······················································································ 8
 다. 기관별 지원실적 ···················································································· 10
 라. 6개월 이내 평가완료 실적 ·································································· 13
 마. 연구과제(Research Grants) 관련 통계 ········································ 14
  마1. 연구과제 신청, 선정건수 및 선정율 경향 ······························· 14
  마2. 연구과제 규모 및 기간 ································································ 15
  마3. 과제 당 연구책임자 수 ································································ 17
  마4. 연구책임자 1인당 수행연구 과제 수 ········································ 19
  마5. 연구과제 참여인력 ········································································ 20
  마6. 평균 인건비 지원기간 ·································································· 20
  마7. 연구과제 신청 횟수 ······································································· 21
  마8. 신진연구자 및 중견연구자 ···························································· 23
5. 탁월성 평가 과정 ············································································ 25
 가. 탁월성 평가 기준 ·················································································· 25
 나. 혁신적 연구 ···························································································· 26
 다. 탁월성 평가과정(Merit Review Process) 개요 ·························· 29
 라. 프로그램 관리자의 과제선정·탈락 추천 ········································· 33
 마. 평가결과 송부 및 재심 과정 ······························································ 33
 바. 외부평가 방법 ························································································ 35
 사. 평가자 ····································································································· 38
 아. 신청과제 평가점수 분포 및 예산 ······················································· 40
 자. 프로그램관리자 유형 및 업무부담 ··················································· 42
 차. 외부평가위원회 평가 ············································································ 44

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