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Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. The fertile intersection of disciplines at the core of nanotechnology innovation—cutting across physical, life, and social sciences and engineering—has revealed the potential of nanomaterials and nanoscale engineering to collect and store energy, reinforce materials, sense contaminants, enable life-saving drugs, and shrink and accelerate computational devices in both incremental and paradigm-shifting ways. Further, nanotechnology has enabled development of entirely new materials and devices that could be exploited in each of these and countless other applications.