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과학, 기술, 혁신 정책개발

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA

Outline
? Some Conceptual Issues
? Evolution of STI Policy Development in Africa
? Rationales for STI Policy in Africa
? The Institutional Landscape
? National Experiences
? Challenges and Opportunities

Some Conceptual Issues
? What are Science, Technology and Innovation?
Science as knowledge; study of natural things; and science as the production of new knowledge (See Real Science by John Ziman)
Technology as science embedded in software and hardware; products; practices and
processes

Conceptual Issues (2)
? Innovation as the introduction of new technology into society; introduction of new
practices or ways of doing things
? Tendency to use technology and innovation terms interchangeably. This tends to mislead
policy

Conceptual Issues (3)
? What is Policy? What are Policy Sciences?
Policy as course of action(s) that are agreed upon by authority or government. Sometimes policy defined as what a government decides to do or not to do. Inaction as policy.
Policy Sciences as the study of policy, policy processes and governance of policy

..........계속