제도동향
미국 생물윤리학 자문 위원회
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자료발간일
1996-11-03
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출처
geneletter.org
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원문링크
미국 생물윤리학 자문 위원회 (National Bioethics Advisory Commission, NBAC)
1. Members of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission,
appointed by President Clinton:
Chair: Harold Shapiro, Ph.D., Princeton University
Patricia Backlar, Oregon Health Sciences University
Arturo Brito, M.D., University of Miami School of Medicine
Alexander Capron, L.L.B., University of Southern California
Eric Cassell, M.D., Cornell Medical College
R. Alta Charo, J.D., University of Wisconsin Medical and Law Schools
James Childress, Ph.D., University of Virginia
David Cox, M.D., Ph.D., Stanford University School of Medicine
Rhetaugh Graves Dumas, Ph.D., University of Michigan
Ezekiel Emanuel, M.D., Ph.D., Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Laurie Flynn, National Alliance for the Mentally Ill
Carol Greider, Ph.D., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Steven Holtzman, Millennium Pharmaceuticals
Bette Kramer, Richmond Bioethics Consortium
Bernard Lo, M.D., University of California, San Francisco
Lawrence Miike, M.D., Hawaii State Department of Health
Thomas Murray, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Diane Scott-Jones, Ph.D., Temple University
※ Information: Jennifer Sutton, AAMC Division of Biomedical Research, 202.828.0567,
Volume 1, Issue 3, November 1996
Today's Hot Issues Facing The National Bioethics Advisory Committee
Genetic issues. This is a very popular item in today's medical society . The National Bioethics Committee has recently been discussing certain ethical issues surrounding genetics. Most popular topics are human-gene patenting, use of genetic information, and the protection rights of human subjects that become involved in biomedical research. In the past, policy makers have often disagreed on the controversial issue of ownership of human genes.
Some violations of current standards on genetic research is that one cannot conduct experiments without a patient's consent. Researchers cannot endanger the life of the patient. Congress passed a law stating that health insurers cannot refuse or limit coverage, or charge higher premiums due to wrong genes. The FDA is currently working on new ways to further protect those involved in biomedical research. Many organizations, such as the Federal Drug Administration, are working independently to solve these ethical dilemmas. This may be the reason why President Clinton has given less input regarding these issues, because he is not the only one who has comments or suggestions to offer solutions to these ethical dilemmas.
Many Federal agencies have been asked to review and update their guidelines on bioethical issues. Some agencies are in disagreement about what should be regulation. The FDA is currently being challenged by a consumer advocacy group in regards to issues surrounding involuntary informed consent. For example, the Desert Storm soldiers of the Gulf War were given vaccinations to protect them against certain chemical warfare that was anticipated for use by Iraq. The soldiers were not informed of the side effects that vaccinations may have caused them.
The National Bioethics Advisory Committee does not have authority to approve or disapprove FDA's regulations, but can offer their comments and suggest what issues the FDA will be addressing.