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Robotics for healthcare Final Report

Executive Summary

Objective of Study

For the last two decades the European Commission (EC), and in particular the Directorate General Information Society and Media, has been strongly supporting the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in healthcare. ICT is an enabling technology which can provide various solutions in the healthcare sector, ranging from electronic patient records and health information networks to intelligent prosthetics and robotised surgery. The EC funded the present study with the aim to investigate the potential of robotics in healthcare.

Robotics for healthcare is an emerging field which is expected to grow in the face of demographic change (ageing), expected shortages of healthcare personnel, calls for improving quality of life for the elderly and disabled, and the need for even higher quality care, for example high precision surgery. All these factors stimulate innovation in the domain of Robotics for Healthcare. Several programs and networks dedicated to research on

Contents

Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 4
1 Introduction to Robotics in Medicine and Healthcare ............................................. 10
  1.1 Why this study and what will be its use......................................................................... 10
  1.2 What is Robotics in Medicine and Healthcare............................................................... 11
  1.3 What are the main objectives of the study ..................................................................... 12
  1.4 What is the approach...................................................................................... 13
  1.5 The consortium.............................................................................................. 16
  1.6 Note to readers ............................................................................................ 16
2 Societal issues and user needs ..................................................................................... 18
  2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 18
  2.2 Societal issues ........................................................................................... 18
  2.3 Needs of the health care sector ..................................................................... 32
3 Applications of robotics in healthcare........................................................................ 36
  3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 36
  3.2 Major innovation themes ............................................................................................... 36
  3.3 Robot assisted preventive therapies and diagnosis ............................................ 38
  3.4 Robotic Assistive Technology ....................................................................................... 41
  3.5 Robots supporting professional care.............................................................. 47
  3.6 Robotics for rehabilitation treatment ............................................................................. 51
  3.7 Robotics for medical interventions ................................................................................ 55
4 Cases............................................................................................................................. 61
  4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 61
  4.2 Methodological framework and approach ..................................................................... 61
  4.3 Case 1: Robotised surgery ..................................................................... 63
  4.4 Case 2: Intelligent prosthetics........................................................................................ 74
  4.5 Case 3: Robotised motor coordination analysis and therapy ........................ 86
4.6 General conclusions of the cases ................................................................ 100
5 Enabling technologies ................................................................................................ 101
  5.1 Introduction to enabling technologies.......................................................................... 101
  5.2 Advanced sensory systems ..................................................................... 102
  5.3 Advanced Human-machine interfacing ....................................................................... 105
  5.4 Mobile energy systems .............................................................................. 109
  5.5 Control systems for complex mechanical movement .................................................. 111
  5.6 Advances in mechatronics .............................................................................. 115
  5.7 Insight in medical therapies and human behaviour...................................................... 118
  5.8 Conclusions................................................................................................. 120
6 Roadmaps ................................................................................................................... 122
  6.1 Introduction: what is Technology Road Mapping?...................................................... 122
  6.2 Selection of the innovation areas ......................................................... 123
  6.3 Smart medical capsules................................................................................. 124

  6.4 Patient monitoring robots............................................................................................. 131
  6.5 Robotised motor coordination analysis and therapy ......................................... 137
  6.6 Intelligent prosthetics................................................................................................... 145
  6.7 Robot assisted mental, cognitive and social therapy..................................... 151
  6.8 Robotised surgery ..................................................................................... 158

  6.9 General conclusions.................................................................................... 163
7 Vision, conclusions & recommendations ................................................................. 166
  7.1 Vision on the application of robotics in healthcare...................................................... 166
  7.2 Societal challenges and user needs ........................................................... 167
  7.3 21 innovation areas, 6 ½ priorities and many enabling technologies .......................... 168
  7.4 Country perspective .......................................................................................... 172
  7.5 Ethical and legal aspects ................................................................................ 173
  7.6 Policy recommendations for EC research.................................................................... 173

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