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1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1
1.1. Background........................................................................... 1
1.2. Aim and structure................................................................. 2
2. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................... 3
2.1. Defining technology transfer.............................................................. 3
2.2. Dimensions of technology transfer...................................................... 5
2.3. Survey design and practicalities ........................................................ 8
3. FINNISH NANOTECHNOLOGY AS THE TRANSFER OBJECT....................... 11
3.1. Nanotechnology intensity.......................................................... 11
3.2. Nature of the knowledge base .................................................... 14
3.3. Timeframe and drivers for entry ...................................................... 18
4. AGENTS, MODES AND CHALLENGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ........ 20
4.1. Research groups as transfer agents ........................................................ 20
4.2. Modes and outcomes of nanotechnology transfer ..................................... 25
4.3. Nanotechnology transfer recipients and challenges.................................. 28
4.4. The demand environment: application and commercialization paths ... 30
5. A SYNTHESISING DISCUSSION ...................................................... 34
REFERENCES.................................................................................. 39
APPENDIX 1. THE QUESTIONNAIRE..................................................... 41
APPENDIX 2. BASIC FREQUENCIES OF WHOLE SURVEY DATA....................... 51
APPENDIX 3. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALL RESPONDENTS. .............. 64

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